Analisis Komparatif Konsep Jihad Defensif dan Ofensif dalam Islam dengan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Studi Kasus Perlawanan Hamas

97 Views     107 Downloads

Authors

  • Anyta Widianti Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Soelthan M Tsjafioeddin, Singkawang, Indonesia
  • Hamzah Hasan Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Indonesia
  • Abdul Wahid Haddade Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v8i2.1391

Keywords:

Jihad, International Humanitarian Law, Hamas

Abstract

This article aims to analyze and compare the two forms of jihad in Islam with the principles of IHL, in order to assess their compatibility and potential disharmony. The concept of jihad in Islam is often misunderstood, especially when associated with armed conflict. In classical Islamic jurisprudence discourse, jihad is divided into two main forms: defensive jihad (difaa'i) and offensive jihad (tulubi). Meanwhile, international humanitarian law (IHL) regulates the legality and limitations in armed conflict, particularly regarding the protection of civilians and non-combatants. The primary data sources in this study are divided into primary data in Islamic studies such as verses of the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad regarding jihad and war, and primary data in International Humanitarian Law, namely the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from literature on Islamic studies and International Humanitarian Law, journals, and research related to Jihad and War. Using a normative-comparative approach to primary and secondary legal sources, it was found that defensive jihad is more compatible in principle with IHL, while offensive jihad has the potential to conflict with modern International Humanitarian Law in practice.

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References

Adlini, Miza Nina, Anisya Hanifa Dinda, Sarah Yulinda, Octavia Chotimah, and Sauda Julia Merliyana. “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka.” Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (2022): 974–80. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3394.

Andry, Kuswoyo, Catur Prasetyo Fajar, Susilo Tarsisius, Tadung Rapy, and Dodianto Panggabean Andar. “Dinamika Penerapan Hukum Humaniter Dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina : Antara Norma Dan Realitas.” Jounal of Law and Nation 4, no. 2 (n.d.). http://joln.my.id/index.php/joln/article/view/230/258.

Chandra, Henky. “Agresi Israel Terhadap Palestina Perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional” 3, no. 3 (2024): 207–12. https://www.bajangjournal.com/index.php/JPDSH/article/view/7332.

CKT Putri, A Agustin, MS Hadi, MF Hafizh, NR Hafizuddin. “Analisis Stigma Buruk Terhadap Agama IslamAkibat Peristiwa 9/11.” Nusantara 1, no. 01 (2022). http://journal.forikami.com/index.php/nusantara/article/view/205.

Farauqi, Mohamad Dziqie Aulia Al, and Mariana. “Pelanggaran Hukum Humaniter Internasional Dalam Agresi Militer Israel Ke Gaza Pasca-Serangan Hamas 7 Oktober 2023.” Jurnal ICMES 8, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v8i1.189.

Faza, Iklil, and Silvia Ifta Fauziyah. “MEMBEDAH MAKNA JIHAD DALAM AL-QURAN MELALUI LENSA AMIN AL-KHULI : PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGIS” 4307, no. May (2025): 1873–84. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v8i2.2938.

Fikriana, Askana, and Nanda Muntazza. “Etika Dan Batasan Hukum Dalam Perang: Analisis Terhadap Kejahatan Humaniter Dalam Fiqih Siyasah.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Sosial 1, no. 4 (2023): 329–40. https://doi.org/10.51903/hakim.v1i4.1522.

Firdaus, Dede Rahman. “As-Sakinah.” Perang Dalam Islam 3, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51729/sakinah311338.

Guevarrato, Gulfino, Ida Bagus Oka Ana, and Budi Gautama Arundhati. “Analisis Hukum Konflik Bersenjata Antara Palestina Dan Israel Dari Sudut Pandang Hukum Humaniter Internasional,” 2014. http://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/57258.

Hakiem, Fadhlan Nur, Lolita Deby Mahendra Putri, and Nurbani Adine Gustianti. “Dampak Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik Israel Dan Negara-Negara Arab Terhadap Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Di Timur Tengah.” Jurnal Dinamika Global 8, no. 2 (2023): 305–18. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v8i2.1883.

Junaidi, Didi. “Menafsir Makna ‘Jihad’ Dalam Konteks Kekinian.” Mawa’Izh: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Pengembangan Sosial Kemanusiaan 11, no. 1 (2020): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.32923/maw.v11i1.1203.

Madchaini, Kuntari. “Hakikat Jihad Dalam Islam.” Shibghah: Journal of Muslim Societies 1, no. 2 (2019): 80–96.

Mahlil Idatul Humairah, Abdul Fadhil. “Gerakan Intifadhah Dan Kemunculan Hamas (1987-1993).” PERIODE : Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pendidikan Sejarah 1, no. 1 (2019). http://103.8.12.212:33180/unj/index.php/periode/article/view/10478.

Maryono, Darwo. “Jihad Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an.” ZAD Al-Mufassirin 4, no. 1 (2022): 39–60. https://doi.org/10.55759/zam.v4i1.46.

Mathar, M. Saleh. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Kajian Fikih Kontemporer.” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 6, no. 1 (2009): 117. https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v6i1.125.117-128.

Muhammad Taufiq. “Moderasi Dalam Jihad Analisis Kritis Terhadap Terorisme Dan Radikalisasi Jihad.” Jurnal Of Constitutional Law and Governance 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19105/asshahifah.v2i1.6294.

Musoffa, Azzam. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Dalam Al-Qur’an Perspektif Maqasid Syari’ah.” Al-I’jaz : Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, Falsafah Dan Keislaman 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.53563/ai.v3i1.48.

Nadia Angelica Hidayat, Fero Sayid Abdullah, and Amalia Zuhra. “Kualifikasi Tindakan Pemutusan Suplai Air Dan Listrik Humaniter Qualification of Water and Electricity Cut-Off Measures Against Palestinians in the Perspective of Humanitarian Law.” TerAs Law REVIEW 4, no. 2 (2022): 103–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/teraslrev.v4i2.19964.

Nahdia, Salsabila, and Wibowo Aji. “Penyerangan Terhadap Hors de Combat Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Berdasarkan Prinsip Pembedaan.” Amicus Curiae 2, no. 1 (n.d.): 382–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/ddxr7y59.

Qardhawi, Yusuf. Fiqih Jihad. Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2010.

Sari, Indah. “Tinjauan Yuridis Hubungan Kejahatan Perang Dan Hukum Humaniter Internasional.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara 11, no. 2 (2021): 23–43. https://journal.universitassuryadarma.ac.id/index.php/jihd/article/view/766/763.

Satria, Andi, Rifqah Rahmayani Tanjung, Raihan Ismail Sirait, and Josua Joswinto Sihotang. “Konflik Palestina: Jihad Netizen Indonesia, Solidaritas Atau Pelanggaran Hukum.” Jaksa: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik 2, no. 2 (2024): 229–38. https://doi.org/10.51903/jaksa.v1i3.14670.

“Serangan 7 Oktober Hamas Ke Israel,” n.d. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_7_Oktober_Hamas_ke_Israel.

Sudianto. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam (Sebuah Analisis Kritis Terhadap Skenario Politik Global).” Al-Bayyinah : Jornal of Islamic Law VII, no. 2 (2018): 1–27. https://doi.org/DOI : 10.35673/al-bayyinah.v2i2.51.

Tim Penyusun. Jihad; Makna Dan Implementasinya, 2012.

Yulindo, Dinesh K. Dhankhar, Tarsisius Susilo, Muhammad Taufik Zega, and Agustinus Adi Santoso. “Tanggung Jawab Kelompok Bersenjata Non-Negara Dalam Kerangka Hukum Humaniter Internasional.” Journal of Law and Nation 4, no. 2 (n.d.). http://joln.my.id/index.php/joln/article/view/231.

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Published

2026-01-14

How to Cite

[1]
Widianti, A. et al. 2026. Analisis Komparatif Konsep Jihad Defensif dan Ofensif dalam Islam dengan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Studi Kasus Perlawanan Hamas. Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam. 8, 2 (Jan. 2026), 140–157. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v8i2.1391.

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Analisis Komparatif Konsep Jihad Defensif dan Ofensif dalam Islam dengan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Studi Kasus Perlawanan Hamas | Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam

Analisis Komparatif Konsep Jihad Defensif dan Ofensif dalam Islam dengan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Studi Kasus Perlawanan Hamas

97 Views     107 Downloads

Authors

  • Anyta Widianti Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Soelthan M Tsjafioeddin, Singkawang, Indonesia
  • Hamzah Hasan Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Indonesia
  • Abdul Wahid Haddade Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v8i2.1391

Keywords:

Jihad, International Humanitarian Law, Hamas

Abstract

This article aims to analyze and compare the two forms of jihad in Islam with the principles of IHL, in order to assess their compatibility and potential disharmony. The concept of jihad in Islam is often misunderstood, especially when associated with armed conflict. In classical Islamic jurisprudence discourse, jihad is divided into two main forms: defensive jihad (difaa'i) and offensive jihad (tulubi). Meanwhile, international humanitarian law (IHL) regulates the legality and limitations in armed conflict, particularly regarding the protection of civilians and non-combatants. The primary data sources in this study are divided into primary data in Islamic studies such as verses of the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad regarding jihad and war, and primary data in International Humanitarian Law, namely the 1949 Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained from literature on Islamic studies and International Humanitarian Law, journals, and research related to Jihad and War. Using a normative-comparative approach to primary and secondary legal sources, it was found that defensive jihad is more compatible in principle with IHL, while offensive jihad has the potential to conflict with modern International Humanitarian Law in practice.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adlini, Miza Nina, Anisya Hanifa Dinda, Sarah Yulinda, Octavia Chotimah, and Sauda Julia Merliyana. “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Studi Pustaka.” Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (2022): 974–80. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v6i1.3394.

Andry, Kuswoyo, Catur Prasetyo Fajar, Susilo Tarsisius, Tadung Rapy, and Dodianto Panggabean Andar. “Dinamika Penerapan Hukum Humaniter Dalam Konflik Israel-Palestina : Antara Norma Dan Realitas.” Jounal of Law and Nation 4, no. 2 (n.d.). http://joln.my.id/index.php/joln/article/view/230/258.

Chandra, Henky. “Agresi Israel Terhadap Palestina Perspektif Hukum Humaniter Internasional” 3, no. 3 (2024): 207–12. https://www.bajangjournal.com/index.php/JPDSH/article/view/7332.

CKT Putri, A Agustin, MS Hadi, MF Hafizh, NR Hafizuddin. “Analisis Stigma Buruk Terhadap Agama IslamAkibat Peristiwa 9/11.” Nusantara 1, no. 01 (2022). http://journal.forikami.com/index.php/nusantara/article/view/205.

Farauqi, Mohamad Dziqie Aulia Al, and Mariana. “Pelanggaran Hukum Humaniter Internasional Dalam Agresi Militer Israel Ke Gaza Pasca-Serangan Hamas 7 Oktober 2023.” Jurnal ICMES 8, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v8i1.189.

Faza, Iklil, and Silvia Ifta Fauziyah. “MEMBEDAH MAKNA JIHAD DALAM AL-QURAN MELALUI LENSA AMIN AL-KHULI : PERSPEKTIF PSIKOLOGIS” 4307, no. May (2025): 1873–84. https://doi.org/DOI: https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v8i2.2938.

Fikriana, Askana, and Nanda Muntazza. “Etika Dan Batasan Hukum Dalam Perang: Analisis Terhadap Kejahatan Humaniter Dalam Fiqih Siyasah.” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Sosial 1, no. 4 (2023): 329–40. https://doi.org/10.51903/hakim.v1i4.1522.

Firdaus, Dede Rahman. “As-Sakinah.” Perang Dalam Islam 3, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.51729/sakinah311338.

Guevarrato, Gulfino, Ida Bagus Oka Ana, and Budi Gautama Arundhati. “Analisis Hukum Konflik Bersenjata Antara Palestina Dan Israel Dari Sudut Pandang Hukum Humaniter Internasional,” 2014. http://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/57258.

Hakiem, Fadhlan Nur, Lolita Deby Mahendra Putri, and Nurbani Adine Gustianti. “Dampak Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik Israel Dan Negara-Negara Arab Terhadap Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia Di Timur Tengah.” Jurnal Dinamika Global 8, no. 2 (2023): 305–18. https://doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v8i2.1883.

Junaidi, Didi. “Menafsir Makna ‘Jihad’ Dalam Konteks Kekinian.” Mawa’Izh: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Pengembangan Sosial Kemanusiaan 11, no. 1 (2020): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.32923/maw.v11i1.1203.

Madchaini, Kuntari. “Hakikat Jihad Dalam Islam.” Shibghah: Journal of Muslim Societies 1, no. 2 (2019): 80–96.

Mahlil Idatul Humairah, Abdul Fadhil. “Gerakan Intifadhah Dan Kemunculan Hamas (1987-1993).” PERIODE : Jurnal Sejarah Dan Pendidikan Sejarah 1, no. 1 (2019). http://103.8.12.212:33180/unj/index.php/periode/article/view/10478.

Maryono, Darwo. “Jihad Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an.” ZAD Al-Mufassirin 4, no. 1 (2022): 39–60. https://doi.org/10.55759/zam.v4i1.46.

Mathar, M. Saleh. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Kajian Fikih Kontemporer.” HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 6, no. 1 (2009): 117. https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v6i1.125.117-128.

Muhammad Taufiq. “Moderasi Dalam Jihad Analisis Kritis Terhadap Terorisme Dan Radikalisasi Jihad.” Jurnal Of Constitutional Law and Governance 2, no. 1 (2022): 1–4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19105/asshahifah.v2i1.6294.

Musoffa, Azzam. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Dalam Al-Qur’an Perspektif Maqasid Syari’ah.” Al-I’jaz : Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an, Falsafah Dan Keislaman 3, no. 1 (2021): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.53563/ai.v3i1.48.

Nadia Angelica Hidayat, Fero Sayid Abdullah, and Amalia Zuhra. “Kualifikasi Tindakan Pemutusan Suplai Air Dan Listrik Humaniter Qualification of Water and Electricity Cut-Off Measures Against Palestinians in the Perspective of Humanitarian Law.” TerAs Law REVIEW 4, no. 2 (2022): 103–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/teraslrev.v4i2.19964.

Nahdia, Salsabila, and Wibowo Aji. “Penyerangan Terhadap Hors de Combat Dalam Konflik Bersenjata Berdasarkan Prinsip Pembedaan.” Amicus Curiae 2, no. 1 (n.d.): 382–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25105/ddxr7y59.

Qardhawi, Yusuf. Fiqih Jihad. Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2010.

Sari, Indah. “Tinjauan Yuridis Hubungan Kejahatan Perang Dan Hukum Humaniter Internasional.” Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dirgantara 11, no. 2 (2021): 23–43. https://journal.universitassuryadarma.ac.id/index.php/jihd/article/view/766/763.

Satria, Andi, Rifqah Rahmayani Tanjung, Raihan Ismail Sirait, and Josua Joswinto Sihotang. “Konflik Palestina: Jihad Netizen Indonesia, Solidaritas Atau Pelanggaran Hukum.” Jaksa: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Politik 2, no. 2 (2024): 229–38. https://doi.org/10.51903/jaksa.v1i3.14670.

“Serangan 7 Oktober Hamas Ke Israel,” n.d. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_7_Oktober_Hamas_ke_Israel.

Sudianto. “Jihad Dan Terorisme Dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam (Sebuah Analisis Kritis Terhadap Skenario Politik Global).” Al-Bayyinah : Jornal of Islamic Law VII, no. 2 (2018): 1–27. https://doi.org/DOI : 10.35673/al-bayyinah.v2i2.51.

Tim Penyusun. Jihad; Makna Dan Implementasinya, 2012.

Yulindo, Dinesh K. Dhankhar, Tarsisius Susilo, Muhammad Taufik Zega, and Agustinus Adi Santoso. “Tanggung Jawab Kelompok Bersenjata Non-Negara Dalam Kerangka Hukum Humaniter Internasional.” Journal of Law and Nation 4, no. 2 (n.d.). http://joln.my.id/index.php/joln/article/view/231.

Downloads

Published

2026-01-14

How to Cite

[1]
Widianti, A. et al. 2026. Analisis Komparatif Konsep Jihad Defensif dan Ofensif dalam Islam dengan Prinsip Hukum Humaniter Internasional: Studi Kasus Perlawanan Hamas. Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam. 8, 2 (Jan. 2026), 140–157. DOI:https://doi.org/10.47971/mjhi.v8i2.1391.

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Mutawasith: Jurnal Hukum Islam

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

 Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.